There is a time and a place for everything (and for everyone): Examining main socio-demographic and territorial differences in use of leisure time

Abstract

Some people spend their leisure time dealing with ’obligations,’ whereas others spend it more freely. This depends on several factors, including external (opportunities, location) and internal attributes, individual characteristics (demographics, personality, attitudes, values). This research focuses on differences identified in activities people undertake based on factors affecting individual characteristics. Main sociodemographic factors, including territorial dimensions and personality characteristics, were analysed. The research was conducted with a sample of more than 800 people in 2019. Our study is based on a slightly modified version of the HCSO time use questionnaire. Respondent personality types were identified by the Big Five Factor test. Besides basic descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi-square tests were used in our analysis. The analysis of regional characteristics shows that Budapest residents more often go to theatre, cinema, exhibition or restaurant as well as more often make domestic or foreign trips than rural people. Housework, pets, religion and parenting play a greater role in the lives of rural town dwellers. Research results on personality types show a connection between personality traits and individual leisure activities. Overall, intergenerational differences are greatest in leisure activities depending on place of residence, personality traits, and entertainment options available (theatres, cinemas, exhibitions, etc.). Practical implications and future research opportunities are discussed at the end of the study.