Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D in Hungary

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to develop population norms for three preference-accompanied measures [EQ-5D-5L, PatientReported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-preference scoring system (PROPr) and Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D)] in Hungary. Methods In November 2020, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Hungarian adult general population (n = 1631). Respondents completed the Hungarian versions of the EQ-5D-5L, PROMIS-29+2 version 2.1 and 36-item Short Form Survey version 1 (SF-36v1). The association of utilities with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of respondents was analysed using multivariate regressions. Results The proportion of respondents reporting problems ranged from 8 to 44% (self-care to pain/discomfort) on the EQ5D-5L, 39–94% (physical function to sleep) on PROPr and 38–87% (role limitations to vitality) on the SF-6D. Problems related to physical function, self-care, usual activities/role limitations and pain increased with age, while mental health problems decreased in all three measures. In almost all corresponding domains, respondents indicated the fewest problems on the EQ-5D-5L and the most problems on the SF-6D. The mean EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D utilities were 0.900, 0.535 and 0.755, respectively. Female gender (PROPr, SF-6D), a lower level of education (EQ-5D-5L, PROPr), being unemployed or a disability pensioner (EQ-5D-5L), being underweight or obese (SF-6D), lack of physical exercise (all) and polypharmacy (all) were associated with significantly lower utilities. PROPr yielded the lowest and EQ-5D-5L the highest mean utilities in 28 of 30 chronic health conditions. Conclusion This study presents the first set of Hungarian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D. Our f indings can serve as reference values in clinical trials and observational studies and contribute to the monitoring of population health and the assessment of disease burden in Hungary.