Single mothers by choice in Hungary: motivations for solo motherhood and the importance of genetic ties

Abstract

This article examines the reproductive decisions and concept of kinship of single mothers by choice (SMBC) in Hungary who pursued motherhood through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Twenty-one women in Hungary participated in interviews examining their decisions to become SMBCs, to select ART, and whether to seek information or contact with their child's genetic relatives. The findings show that genetic ties were central to reproductive decisions. All reported a strong desire to have a child; most had hoped to conceive within a relationship but, approaching the end of their reproductive years, had opted for ART. The use of donor eggs was considered as a last resort; maintaining genetic links to the child was important for their sense of motherhood. Many described their child’s interest in knowing about genetic relatives. Most participants attempted to identify donor-conceived half-siblings, and several were successful. In the Hungarian context, this study highlights the increasing importance of digital technologies in challenging the legal framework of anonymity, enabling women to locate donors or their children’s half-siblings. The study contributes to debates on family, kinship, and reproductive autonomy, and provides insights into how SMBCs navigate donor conception under conditions of strict donor anonymity and constrained access to ART.